STAINLESS STEEL PIPES AND TUBES
CARBON STEEL PIPES & ALLOY STEEL PIPES
Email :- info@padmavatisteel.net sales@padmavatisteel.net
+91-9967071741 Mahipal Munot
Definition and Details of Pipe
1.) Definition of
Pipe
Pipe is a hollow tube with round
cross section for the conveyance of products. The products include fluids, gas,
pellets, powders and more. The word pipe is used as distinguished from tube to
apply to tubular products of dimensions commonly used for pipeline and piping
systems. On this website, pipes conforming to the dimensional requirements of: ASME B36.10 Welded
and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe and ASME B36.19 Stainless
Steel Pipe will be discussed.
2.) Pipe or Tube ?
In the world of piping, the terms
pipe and tube will be used.
2.1.A :- Pipe is customarily identified by
"Nominal Pipe Size" (NPS), with wall thickness defined by
"Schedule number" (SCH).
2.1.B :- Tube is customarily specified by its
outside diameter (O.D.) and wall thickness (WT), expressed either in Birmingham
wire gage (BWG) or in thousandths of an inch.
2.2.A :- Pipe: NPS 1/2-SCH 40 is
even to outside diameter 21,3 mm with a wall thickness of 2,77 mm.
2.2.B:- Tube: 1/2" x 1,5 is even to outside diameter 12,7 mm with a
wall thickness of 1,5 mm.
The principal uses for tube are in
Heat Exchangers, instrument lines and small interconnections on equipment such
as compressors, boilers etc..
3.) Materials for Pipe
Engineering companies have materials
engineers to determine materials to be used in piping systems. Most pipe is of
carbon steel (depending on service) is manufactured to different ASTM
standards.
Carbon-steel pipe is strong, ductile,
weldable, machinable, reasonably, durable and is nearly always cheaper than
pipe made from other materials. If carbon-steel pipe can meet the requirements
of pressure, temperature, corrosion resistance and hygiene, it is the natural
choice. Contact Padmavati Steel India
Iron pipe is made from cast-iron and
ductile-iron. The principal uses are for water, gas and sewage lines.
Plastic pipe may be used to convey
actively corrosive fluids, and is especially useful for handling corrosive or
hazardous gases and dilute mineral acids.
GRADE / QUALITY OF MATERIALS
** - Core
range for corrosive environments :-
304/4301, 304L/4307, 321/4541, 347/4550
**- Supra
range for highly corrosive environments :-
316/4401, 316L/4404
**- Forta
range for duplex and other high strength DX 2205 Code Plus Two®, LDX 2101,
Zeron 100, SDX 2507
**- Ultra
range for extremely corrosive environments:- 904L, 254 SMO, 317, 317L, 317LM, 317LMN
** -Therma
range for high service temperatures 253 MA :- 310S/4845, 304H/4948, 321H/4878, 347H/4550,
153 MA, 316H, 309S/4833, 309H
**- Nickel
alloys:- C276, 600, 601, 622, 625, 800, 800H,
800HT, 825, Alloy 20
**- Hastelloy®
:- B-2, B-3, G-30, C-4, C-22, C-276, C-2000 ASTM A312, A358, A778, A790, A928
*Applicable
ASTM A & B and ASME SA & SB specifications*
PIPES AS PER ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials
)
ASTM A312 Pipe, austenitic
ASTM A358 Electric fusion welded pipe, austenitic
ASTM A376 Pipe for high-temperature central
station service, austenitic
ASTM A409 Welded large diameter pipe, austenitic
ASTM A426 Centrifugally-cast pipe, ferritic
ASTM A430 Forged and bored pipe, austenitic
ASTM A530 Specialized carbon and alloy steel pipe,
general requirements
ASTM A733 Welded and seamless carbon steel and
austenitic stainless steel pipe nipples
ASTM A790 Seamless and welded pipe,
ferritic/austenitic
ASTM A813 Single- or double-welded pipe,
austenitic
ASTM A814 Cold-worked welded pipe, austenitic
ASTM A815 Pipe fittings, ferritic,
ferritic/austenitic and martensitic
ASTM A872 Centrifugally cast pipe for corrosive
environments, ferritic/austenitic
ASTM A928 Pipe electric fusion welded with
addition of filler metal, ferritic/austenitic (duplex)
ASTM A943 Spray-formed seamless pipe, austenitic
ASTM A949 Spray-formed seamless pipe,
ferritic/austenitic
ASTM A954 Seamless and welded pipe, austenitic
chromium-nickel-silicon alloy
ASTM A960 Common requirements for wrought steel
pipe fittings.
ASTM A999 General requirements for alloy and
stainless steel pipe
ASTM A1053 Welded ferritic-martensitic (dual phase)
pipe
TUBE AS PER
ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials )
ASTM A213 Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy
boiler, superheater and heat exchanger tubes
ASTM A249 Tubes, welded boiler, superheater,
heatexchanger and condenser, austenitic
ASTM A268 Tubing, seamless and welded, ferritic
ASTM A269 Tubing, seamless and welded, austenitic
ASTM A270 Sanitary tubing, austenitic
ASTM A450 General requirements for tubes,
austenitic and ferritic
ASTM A498 S/W carbon, ferritic and
austenitic alloy heat exchanger tubes with integral fins
ASTM A511 Seamless mechanical tubing
ASTM A554 Welded mechanical tubing
ASTM A608 iron-chromium nickel
high alloy for pressure application at high temperatures
ASTM A632 Seamless and welded tubing, small
diameter, for general service, austenitic
ASTM A688 Welded feedwater heater tubes,
austenitic
ASTM A771 Tubing for breeder reactor core
components, austenitic
ASTM A778 Welded tubular products, unannealed
austenitic
ASTM A789 Seamless and welded tubing for general
service, ferritic/austenitic
ASTM A791 Welded tubing, unannealed ferritic
ASTM A803 Welded feedwater heater tubes, ferritic
ASTM A826 Duct tubes for breeder reactor core
components, austenitic and ferritic
ASTM A851 High-frequency, induction-welded
condenser tubes, austenitic
ASTM A908 Needle tubing
ASTM A953 Seamless and welded tubing, austenitic
chromium-nickel-silicon alloy
ASTM A1012 ferritic, austenitic and duplex alloy
steel condenser and heat exchanger tubes
ASTM A1016 General requirements for alloy and
stainless steel tubes
Definition and Details of Pipe -
Lengths & Ends
Types,
Lengths and Ends of Pipes
Pipe manufacturing refers to how the
individual pieces of pipe are made in a pipe mill; it does not refer to how the
pieces are connected in the field to form a continuous pipeline. Each piece of
pipe produced by a pipe mill is called a joint or a length (regardless of its
measured length). In some cases, pipe is shipped to the pipeline construction
site as "double joints", where two pieces of pipe are pre-welded
together to save time. Most of the pipe used for oil and gas pipelines is
seamless or longitudinally welded, although spirally welded pipe is common for
larger diameters.
4.) Steel Pipes are
manufactured in 4 versions:
4.1:- Longitudinally
Welded SAW
4.2:- Spiral
Welded
4.3:- Electric
Resistance Welded (ERW)
4.4:-
Seamless
Welded Pipe
Welded pipe (pipe manufactured with a
weld) is a tubular product made out of flat plates, known as skelp, that are
formed, bent and prepared for welding. The most popular process for large
diameter pipe uses a longitudinal seam weld.
Spiral welded pipe is an alternative
process, spiral weld construction allows large diameter pipe to be produced
from narrower plates or skelp. The defects that occur in spiral welded pipe are
mainly those associated with the SAW weld, and are similar in nature to those
for longitudinally welded SAW pipe.
Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) and
High Frequency Induction (HFI) Welded Pipe, originally this type of pipe, which
contains a solid phase butt weld, was produced using resistance heating to make
the longitudinal weld (ERW). But most pipe mills now use high frequency
induction heating (HFI) for better control and consistency. However, the
product is still often referred to as ERW pipe, even though the weld may have
been produced by the HFI process.
Seamless Pipe Plug Mill
Process
This process is used to make larger
sizes of seamless pipe, typically 6 to 16 inches (150 to 400 mm) diameter. An
ingot of steel weighing up to two tons is heated to 2,370°F (1,300°C) and
pierced. The hole in the hollow shell is enlarged on a rotary elongator,
resulting in a short thick-walled tube known as a bloom.
An internal plug approximately the
same diameter as the finished diameter of the pipe is then forced through the
bloom. The bloom containing the plug is then passed between the rolls of the plug
mill. Rotation of the rolls reduces the wall thickness. The tube is rotated
through 90° for each pass through the plug mill to ensure roundness. The tube
is then passed through a reeling mill and reducing mill to even out the wall
thickness and produce the finished dimensions. The tube is then cut to length
before heat treatment, final straightening, inspection, and hydrostatic
testing.
Seamless Pipe Mandrell Mill
Process
This process is used to make smaller
sizes of seamless pipe, typically 1 to 6 inches (25 to 150 mm) diameter. The
ingot of steel is heated to 2,370°F (1,300°C) and pierced. A mandrel is
inserted into the tube and the assembly is passed through a rolling (mandrel)
mill. Unlike the plug mill, the mandrel mill reduces wall thickness continuously
with a series of pairs of curved rollers set at 90° angles to each other. After
reheating, the pipe is passed through a multi-stand stretch-reducing mill to
reduce the diameter to the finished diameter. The pipe is then cut to length
before heat treatment, final straightening, inspection, and hydrostatic
testing.
Seamless Pipe Extrusion
Process
This process is used for small
diameter tubes only. The bar stock is cut to length and heated to 2,280°F
(1,250°C) before being sized and descaled. The billet is then extruded through
a steel die. After extrusion, the final tube dimensions and surface quality are
obtained with a multi-stand reducing mill.
Electric Resistance Welded
(ERW) and High Frequency Induction (HFI) Welded Pipe
Originally this type of pipe, which
contains a solid phase butt weld, was produced using resistance heating to make
the longitudinal weld (ERW), but most pipe mills now use high frequency
induction heating (HFI) for better control and consistency. However, the
product is still often referred to as ERW pipe, even though the weld may have
been produced by the HFI process.
The defects that can occur in ERW/HFI
pipe are those associated with strip production, such as laminations and
defects at the narrow weld line. Lack of fusion due to insufficient heat and
pressure is the principal defect, although hook cracks can also form due to
realignment of non metallic inclusions at the weld interface. Because the weld
line is not visible after trimming, and the nature of the solid phase welding process,
considerable lengths of weld with poor fusion can be produced if the welding
parameters fall outside the set limits. In addition, early ERW pipe was subject
to pressure reversals, a problem that results in failure in service at a lower
stress than that seen in the pre-service pressure test. This problem is caused
by crack growth during the pressure test hold period, which in the case of
early ERW pipe was due to a combination of low weld line toughness and lack of
fusion defects.
A note about the lack of
fusion in ERW weld
As a result of these early problems,
ERW pipe was generally regarded as a second-grade pipe suitable only for low
pressure applications. However, prompted by a shortage of seamless pipe and the
lower cost of ERW pipe, suppliers and end users directed a major effort toward
improving the pipe mill quality in the 1980s. In particular, accurate tracking
of the weld line by the automatic ultrasonic inspection equipment was found to
be crucial, since the weld line can rotate slightly as the pipe leaves the
welding station. In addition, the standard of heat treatment of the weld line,
which is necessary to ensure good toughness, was found to be important and some
specifications call for local weld line heat treatment using induction coils followed
by full body normalizing of the whole pipe in a furnace. As a result of these
improvements, modern ERW/HFI pipe has much better performance than the
traditional product and has been accepted by a number of operators for high
pressure gas transmission.
Length of Pipes
Piping lengths from the factory not
exactly cut to length but are normally delivered as:
·
Single random length has a length of
around 5-7 meter
·
Double random length has a length of
around 11-13 meter
Shorter and longer lengths are
available, but for a calculation, it is wise, to use this standard lengths;
other sizes are probably more expensive.
Ends of Pipes
For the ends of pipes are 3 standard
versions available.
·
Plain Ends (PE)
·
Threaded Ends (TE)
·
Beveled Ends (BE)
The PE pipes will generally be used
for the smaller diameters pipe systems and in combination with Slip On
flanges and Socket Weld fittings and flanges.
The TE implementation speaks for
itself, this performance will generally used for small diameters pipe systems,
and the connections will be made with threaded flanges and threaded fittings.
The BE implementation is applied to
all diameters of buttweld flanges or buttweld fittings, and will be directly
welded (with a small gap 3-4 mm) to each other or to the pipe. Ends are mostly
be beveled to angle 30° (+ 5° / -0°) with a root face of 1.6 mm
(± 0.8 mm).
Steel Pipe and Manufacturing
Processes
Introduction
The advent of rolling mill technology
and its development during the first half of the nineteenth century also
heralded in the industrial manufacture of tube and pipe. Initially, rolled
strips of sheet were formed into a circular cross section by funnel
arrangements or rolls, and then butt or lap welded in the same heat (forge
welding process).
Toward the end of the century,
various processes became available for the manufacture of seamless tube and
pipe, with production volumes rapidly increasing over a relatively short
period. In spite of the application of other welding processes, the ongoing
development and further improvement of the seamless techniques led to welded
tube being almost completely pushed out of the market, with the result that
seamless tube and pipe dominated until the Second World War.
During the subsequent period, the results of research into welding technology led to an upturn in the fortunes of the welded tube, with burgeoning development work ensuing and wide propagation of numerous tube welding processes. Currently, around two thirds of steel tube production in the world are accounted for by welding processes. Of this figure, however, about one quarter takes the form of so-called large-diameter line pipe in size ranges outside those which are economically viable in seamless tube and pipe manufacturing.
During the subsequent period, the results of research into welding technology led to an upturn in the fortunes of the welded tube, with burgeoning development work ensuing and wide propagation of numerous tube welding processes. Currently, around two thirds of steel tube production in the world are accounted for by welding processes. Of this figure, however, about one quarter takes the form of so-called large-diameter line pipe in size ranges outside those which are economically viable in seamless tube and pipe manufacturing.
Seamless Tube and Pipe
The main seamless tube manufacturing
processes came into being toward the end of the nineteenth century. As patent
and proprietary rights expired, the various parallel developments initially
pursued became less distinct and their individual forming stages were merged
into new processes. Today, the state of the art has developed to the point
where preference is given to the following modern high-performance processes:
The continuous mandrel rolling
process and the push bench process in the size range from approx. 21 to 178 mm
outside diameter.
The multi-stand plug mill (MPM) with
controlled (constrained) floating mandrel bar and the plug mill process in the
size range from approx. 140 to 406 mm outside diameter.
The cross roll piercing and pilger
rolling process in the size range from approx. 250 to 660 mm outside diameter.
Mandrel Mill Process
In the Mandrel Mill Process,
a solid round (billet) is used. It is heated in a rotary hearth heating furnace
and then pierced by a piercer. The pierced billet or hollow shell is rolled by
a mandrel mill to reduce the outside diameter and wall thickness which forms a
multiple length mother tube. The mother tube is reheated and further reduced to
specified dimensions by the stretch reducer. The tube is then cooled, cut,
straightened and subjected to finishing and inspection processes befor
shipment.
MANNESMANN PLUG MILL PROCESS
In the Plug Mill Process, a solid round (billet) is used. It is uniformly heated in the rotary hearth heating furnace and then pierced by a Mannesmann piercer. The pierced billet or hollow shell is rollreduced in outside diameter and wall thickness. The rolled tube simultaneously burnished inside and outside by a reeling machine. The reeled tube is then sized by a sizing mill to the specified dimensions. From this step the tube goes through the straightener. This process completes the hot working of the tube. The tube (referred to as a mother tube) after finishing and inspection, becomes a finished product.
WELDED TUBE AND PIPE
MARKING REQUIREMENTS STEEL PIPE (SOME EXAMPLES)
ASTM A53 Padmavati Steel India
Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc Coated, Welded and Seamless
Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc Coated, Welded and Seamless
- Name of Brand of Manufacturer as Padmavati Steel India
- Kind of Pipe (e.g. ERW B, XS)
- Specification Number
- Length
ASTM A106 Padmavati Steel India
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
- Marking requirements of A530/A530M
- Heat Number
- Hydro/NDE Marking
- "S" for supplementary requirements as specified (stress-relieved annealed tubes, air underwater pressure test, and stabilizing heat treatment)
- Length
- Schedule Number
- Weight on NPS 4 and larger
ASTM A312 Padmavati Steel India
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
- Marking requirements of A530/A530M
- Manufacturer's Private Identifying Mark
- Seamless or Welded
ASTM A530/A530A Padmavati Steel India
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
- Manufacturer's Name Padmavati Steel India
- Specification Grade
We are able to provide you Quality Material along with the Material Testing Certificate and also arrange for the necessary material inspection whether done by yourself or by a qualified Third Party if required.
Powered by advance know-how and technical expertise, we are well placed to meet the stringent requirements of the Indian Markets. "Quality, Delivery & Customer Service" we takes pride in being way ahead of the competition in these key performance areas.
We are in this field since more than decade and supplying to major Govt., Semi-Govt., Public & Private Sector Projects, for their requirement of any types of Stainless Steel Products.
Industries and Companies we serve for there new projects as per requirement
Oil and Gas IndustryConstruction Industry
Oil Fields and Refineries
Petrochemical Industry
Power Plant Industry
Fabrication and Erection Industry
Medical and Hospital Industry
Hospitality Industry
Airline Industry
Agricultural Industry
Automotive Industry
Aviation Industry
Advertising Industry
Chemicals and Pharma Industry
Consultation Companies
Garments And FMCG Industry
Milk and Dairy Industry
Education Industry
Electronics and Electricals Industry
Mechanical and Plumbing Industry
Food Industry
Banking and Finance Industry
Marine Industry
Telecommunication Industry
Road and Highway Construction
Logistic Industry
MARINE & OILFIELD INDUSTRY
CHEMICAL & PETROCHEMICAL OFFSHORE FACILITY
GAS & OIL PIPELINES
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IRON
PAPER SUGAR & CEMENT FACTORIES
VARIOUS OTHER PROJECTS
Sugar Mills
Rice Mills
Pharmaceuticals
Food Processing Industries
Chemical Process Industries
Paper Mills
PetrochemicalsOrnamental
Auto
Industrial Press Pipe
Heat Exchanger Tubing
Precision Tubing
Airports
Shopping Malls/ Multiplexes
Showrooms/Restaurant Chains
Lifts & Elevators
Hospitals
CNC Machines
Motors
Cold Storages
Medical Equipment
Air conditioning plants
Testing instruments
Welding equipments
College & universities
Auditorium, hotels, conference hall, laboratories etc.
Anywhere Voltage Fluctuation Persists
Printing Machines
Photo Copiers
Lifts & Elevators
Electronic Instruments
Domestic Load
Cold Storage
Cement Plant
Distilleries & Beverages
Textile Mills
Flour Mills Engineering Units
Paper Mills
Pharmaceutical Units
Food processing Units
High Buildings Hospitals & Nursing Home etc.
Rubber Industries
Rolling Mills
Industrial & Manufacturing Units
Hospitals
Call Centers
Printing Industry
In view of the above, we request you to kindly register our name in your approved list of suppliers. We would be very happy to receive your enquiry for any requirement in any form of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous metals to us for the most competitive quotation.
Waiting for a Quick positive favorable response from you, and provide your company the best service which are we known for. We will prove to be a best asset of your company.
In view of the above, we request you to kindly register our name in your approved list of suppliers. We would be very happy to receive your enquiry for any requirement in any form of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous metals to us for the most competitive quotation.
Waiting for a Quick positive favorable response from you, and provide your company the best service which are we known for. We will prove to be a best asset of your company.
Thanks
With Regards,
MAHIPAL MUNOT
PADMAVATI STEEL INDIA
ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001: 2004, OHSAS 18001: 2007
20/26, Jay-Vijay, Dr. B.J. Marg, Mumbai - 400 002 INDIA
Tel Phone: +91-22 - 66109308 , 6651 8531
Mobile:- +91-9967071741
E-mail :- info@padmavatisteel.net, munot@yahoo.com
Skype :- mnmunot
Website:- www.padmavatisteel.net
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